Reprinted from Hudong Zhonghua shipbuilding wechat official account

From January to June this year, China's shipbuilding completion, new orders and hand-held orders accounted for 45.2%, 50.8% and 47.8% of the world's total in terms of deadweight tons, and 42%, 47.7% and 41.5% respectively in terms of revised total tons. The international market share ranks first in the world.

On July 15, the front page of people's Daily reported the extraordinary achievements made by China's shipbuilding industry, and named the company for its independent design and successful construction of the world's largest 24000teu container ship. Not only did people's daily praise it, but also China discipline inspection and supervision daily, the website of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission and the State Supervision Commission, and the client of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission and the State Supervision Commission also conducted in-depth interviews. The special page reported the world's largest "cargo carrying king" built by the company, in-depth analyzed the unknown stories of the ship's R & D and construction process, and showed the company's achievements and progress in the construction of top super large container ships.

People's daily

中国纪检监察报

At 8:30 on July 1, the first super large container ship "Changyi" with the largest container volume of 24000 containers in the world, designed and built by China, berthed at the phase II wharf of Shanghai Yangshan Deepwater Port, which once again set a new historical record for super large container ships berthing at Yangshan Deepwater Port. Earlier, the ship made its maiden voyage to Qingdao port, during which 11692 TEUs were loaded and unloaded.

"Changyi" is independently designed by Hudong Zhonghua shipbuilding (Group) Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of China Shipbuilding Group Co., Ltd., and has completely independent intellectual property rights. On June 22, the ship was signed and delivered in Hudong Zhonghua and put into operation on the Far East Europe route. Industry insiders said that this is another major breakthrough made by Hudong Zhonghua in this field after the completion and delivery of China's first and the world's first 23000 dual fuel power super large container ship in September 2020, creating a new milestone in China's shipbuilding industry.

As a "Big Mac" on the sea, what are the characteristics of "Changyi" in addition to its "big appetite"? What are the unknown stories in the R & D and production process? What achievements and progress in the construction of top super large container ships in China deserve attention? This reporter recently interviewed a number of professionals from China Shipbuilding Group Co., Ltd.

The carrying capacity is comparable to 480 China Europe freight trains

Break through the traditional design and realize the maximum number of containers in the same scale ship type and the maximum carrying capacity in the same class ship type

The side of "Changyi" is decorated with green and red upper and lower color bands, of which the green part accounts for a large part, so it is also called "Hulk". According to official data, the ship has a total length of 399.99 meters, a profile width of 61.5 meters, a height of 76.5 meters, and a deck area of 24000 square meters.

"If it is erected, the height is about the same as that of Jinmao Tower in Shanghai; the deck area is equivalent to 3.5 standard football fields; the maximum number of containers can be stacked in the cargo hold plus the hatch cover, which is equivalent to the height of 22 floors. The ship can load 24004 standard containers, which is the largest container ship in the world at present. If the China Europe freight train is used to load these containers, 480 buses are required. The total length of these containers is connected Up to 145 km. " Liu Xuedong, deputy general manager of China Shipbuilding Group Hudong Zhonghua Changxing Shipbuilding, explained.

Behind the huge body of "Changyi", there are many thoughts of designers. Because "the number of containers in the same scale ship type is the largest, and the carrying capacity of the same class ship type is the largest", this ship type is also called the world's strongest "cargo king" by the ship owner.

"The designers broke through the traditional design and optimized the distribution of superstructures, cargo hold areas and chimneys according to the ship's scattered lines. They made the best use of the" body "of the ship, so that each section could accommodate as many containers as possible, and finally formed the maximum stacking capacity in the tank and on the deck, so as to achieve the maximum number of containers in the ship of the same size. At the same time, through the use of large rib cage and hybrid transverse tanks The lightweight structural design such as wall and integrated binding bridge minimizes the weight of the empty ship, and the carrying capacity can reach 242000 tons. Compared with the carrying capacity of the previous generation of 23000 containers, it can carry 10% more cargo. " Liu Xuedong told reporters.

According to the function, the ship can be divided into cargo hold area, engine room area, living quarters area and fore and aft mooring area, in addition to oil tank, rudder engine room and fore and aft thruster room. Cargo hold area is the area used for loading container cargo, which is the largest part of the whole ship. The engine room area is used to arrange various mechanical and electrical equipment such as main engine, generator, boiler, etc., to provide power for navigation propulsion and equipment operation for ships. The scrubber is also installed in this area. The flue gas generated by ship navigation is washed by sea water to reduce the content of sulfur oxide and then discharged. The accommodation area is the living area of the crew, including the kitchen, canteen, recreation room, gym, etc. the cab on the top floor is the command center of the whole ship. The fore and aft mooring area is the fore and aft area of the ship, which is equipped with windlass, anchor chain, winch, cable and other equipment and supplies for berthing.
It is worth mentioning that unlike traditional container ships, the living quarters of "Changyi" is far away from the engine room area. Under the condition of ensuring the driver's line of sight, the maximum number of container stacking layers in the whole cargo room area is realized, which effectively improves the container loading capacity and also avoids the impact of noise in the engine room area on the living quarters. In addition, even the inconspicuous cable has hidden secrets: the high-performance cable used by "Changyi" has the same diameter and strength as the traditional wire rope, but its weight is only 1 / 8 of that of the wire rope. It has the advantages of high strength, light weight and reliability, and has hidden benefits such as shortening the berthing operation time, reducing the port cost and improving the safety of mooring operation.

High speed, low fuel consumption, easy operation and good environment

With the support of advanced technology, all performance indicators have reached the international advanced level

For shipowners, the ability to "carry cargo" is of course important. Energy saving, environmental protection, safety and reliability, easy operation and maintenance are also factors to be considered. In addition, affected by different factors such as specific routes, sea weather and ocean currents, the one-way freight route from the Far East to Europe is as short as three or four weeks and as long as several months. Container ships with good working and living conditions will undoubtedly be more popular with the crew.

Due to the application of the world's latest hydrodynamic optimization and other technologies and the design of closed bridges, the "Changyi" is an environment-friendly and crew friendly top super large container ship with energy-saving, low-carbon, comfortable and livable, and convenient operation and maintenance.

The realization of high speed and low fuel consumption under the condition of multiple loads and heavy loads is benefited from the hydrodynamic optimization technology applied by Hudong Zhonghua. Specifically, by adopting the simulation design technology of underwater navigation and using the computer to carry out multiple rounds of iterative calculation, the optimal linear scheme is formed. In this way, the displacement remains unchanged, but the resistance of the hull is minimized when the ship is sailing, so it can be loaded and run quickly.

Hudong Zhonghua also optimized the design of propeller and energy-saving device to improve the propulsion efficiency of the stern. Its self-developed Linglong bulbous bow design, large-diameter propeller and energy-saving conduit have made the ship have the advantages of rapidity and low energy consumption, and all performance indicators have reached the international advanced level. In addition, they also conducted wind tunnel tests on large container ships for the first time to optimize the hull line and reduce the wind resistance during navigation.

It is estimated that compared with the 23000 container ships with traditional fuel oil, although the 24000 container ships have more containers, the daily navigation can reduce the carbon dioxide emissions by about 38 tons. When converted into 14 tons of heavy containers, the carbon emissions per unit container transportation can be reduced by 13.5%.

"Under bad sea conditions, the crew no longer have to work outdoors at the risk of strong winds and waves, thus ensuring the safety of the crew." According to Liu Xuedong, the "Changyi" adopts a fully enclosed bridge design, and the full width of the bridge deck from port to starboard is integrated in the cab, so that the crew can carry out the operation indoors when they need to observe the state of both sides of the ship, and at the same time realize the operation under the all-weather air-conditioning environment.

When such a "Big Mac" is docked at the dock, it is difficult to observe the situation on the ship's side and the dock. Therefore, two independent small driving consoles are set on both sides of the cab of "Changyi". With these two control consoles, the crew can come here to observe and control the position of the ship when the ship touches the shore.

Not only that, Hudong Zhonghua also adopts fashionable and personalized interior design for the living cabin based on the people-oriented design concept, which greatly improves the comfort of the crew's work and life.

Loading and unloading more than 24000 standard containers is not an easy task. In order to make the relevant operations more safe and smooth, Hudong Zhonghua used its brains on the binding bridge to fasten high-rise containers and prevent them from falling. It innovated the design of A-type binding bridge to make it easier for the crew to operate the binding parts to the maximum extent and avoid the structural dead angle or the crew operating in a narrow space. At the same time, all workplaces on the ship are provided with safe and convenient channels to improve the work efficiency of the crew.

The reporter learned that when Hudong Zhonghua developed the ship, the hull structure was designed according to the fatigue life of 25 years, and the functions were designed according to the standards that a single person can drive the ship and the engine room can be unattended. Other key equipment were also specially analyzed and calculated, giving full consideration to the reliability, operability and maintenance convenience of the ship.

Optimized design to the extreme, hard work only to increase 200 boxes

Constantly push the development of the world's super large container ships to a new height
On November 26, 2019, the 24000 container ship project was signed; On November 27, 2020, the first ship was started; On June 22, 2022, the first ship will be delivered. According to relevant experts, the construction cycle of "Changyi" has reached the world's advanced construction level, excluding the impact of the epidemic.

In fact, the legendary story of this super large container ship began before the signing of the project, and its birth process is not just "super speed".

The story will start in May 2019. In the same month, Hudong Zhonghua received the bid from the shipowner. As one of the world's few leading ship enterprises in the R & D, design and construction of a full range of container ships, the team responsible for the design of container ships has extraordinary strength. In addition, considering that the bidding scheme is based on multiple rounds of optimized design and fully meets the requirements of the bidding document, the design team participated in the bidding with confidence.

However, in July of that year, the shipowner's feedback made the design team feel a crisis: the speediness index given by the first ship type scheme is nearly 3% lower than that of foreign shipyards if it reaches the same design speed. Although Hudong Zhonghua and its competitors carried out tests in different pools and adopted different correction methods, the ship owner did not accept the explanation that "the data of different pools are not comparable". The design team was very clear that only a better design scheme could motivate the strict ship owner.
To win the competition, it means to continue to dig out 3% performance indicators on the design scheme that has been optimized for many rounds, and the modification time left for the design team is less than 3 months. The challenge is enormous.

Yuan Hongliang, chief designer of container ship design of Hudong Zhonghua Development Institute, and Chen Xiaoying, the overall designer, led the core members of the team to work hard day and night to comprehensively analyze the optimization space of technical parameters of ship line design scheme and various factors affecting the speediness index. Through close cooperation of various disciplines, they comprehensively optimized step by step, and constantly eliminated the 3% gap. Finally, through up to 6 ship model tests, the overall improvement of performance indicators was realized.

In addition, in order to improve the stacking capacity, various disciplines of Hudong Zhonghua have increased research and development efforts and actively cooperated with each other. For example, in terms of structure, the cargo hold type is further optimized, and the container space is added in the cargo hold area; On the premise that the engine room layout meets the requirements of the ship owner, the layout type is further optimized, and the space of more than ten boxes is increased; Under the condition of total height restriction, optimize the layout of driving sight points, and add more than 40 boxes; The binding design was further optimized, and more than 60 boxes were added.

Finally, thanks to such unremitting efforts, the container ship designed by Hudong Zhonghua maximized the reasonable use of space, increased 200 container spaces, and the total number of containers reached 24004 TEUs, becoming the world's first "king of cargo". At the same time, the increase in the number of containers did not lead to an increase in the cost, which improved the profitability of the ship owner and was well received.

Yuan Hongliang said that in less than two years, from 23000 cases of dual fuel powered super large container ship to 24000 cases of "Changyi", the design team has made another technological breakthrough. This is the result of the design team carrying forward the enterprise spirit of Hudong Zhonghua "striving for excellence and innovation and Surpassing", constantly challenging itself, and achieving the ultimate optimization design. It is reported that Hudong Zhonghua container ship design team has not stopped its efforts. At present, the packing capacity of the new 24000 container ship has reached 24100 TEUs.

Up to now, Hudong Zhonghua has delivered nearly 70 container ships of more than 8000 containers, and has undertaken 9 super large container ships of 24000 containers, ranking first among the major shipping enterprises in China. At present, 6 are under construction, and 3 are planned to be delivered within the year. In addition, they also proactively carried out research and development of multi-type new products and technology reserve. On the one hand, focusing on the optimization of the existing container ship type, constantly meeting customer requirements and leading the market demand; On the other hand, it took the lead in completing the independent design and development of 25000 and 26000 container ships, constantly pushing the development of the world's super large container ships to a new height.

The rise of a great power must be experienced by the sea; It is better to rise to the sea than to build ships. Today, China has become a pivotal trading power, shipping power, shipbuilding power and port power in the world maritime pattern.

"Changyi" is just a microcosm. In recent years, China Shipbuilding Group has built and delivered a large number of high-end marine equipment, such as the "fighter" manned submersible, the "Xuelong 2" polar scientific research icebreaker, the world's largest dual fuel powered container ship, and the world's largest and most advanced civil hospital ship. "China shipbuilding" has become a bright business card for high-end equipment manufacturing in China.

Support the strategy of building a strong shipbuilding country, and strive to improve the international competitiveness of the shipbuilding industry; Focus on the double carbon target and vigorously develop green ship types; Develop the blue economy and focus on the development of new marine equipment... The relevant person in charge of China shipbuilding group said that as the national team, the main force in the development of China's shipbuilding industry and the world's largest shipbuilding group, the group will continue to conscientiously implement the strategic deployment of the Party Central Committee on accelerating the construction of a marine power, a scientific and technological power, a manufacturing power and a shipbuilding power, and adhere to the path of self-reliance and independent innovation, Continue to extend to the high-end of the global industrial chain and value chain, lead China from the world's largest shipbuilding country to a shipbuilding power, and make more contributions to China's economic and social development and the development of the global maritime industry.